The world in brief 【2023-01-07】

汉堡起义（德语：Hamburger Aufstand），是1923年10月23—25日由德国共产党人领导的汉堡工人武装起义。主要领导者有恩斯特·台尔曼和拉狄克等人。

而今年是 2023 年。

The world in brief 【2023-01-07】

【德国】【政治】21世纪发达国家的第一场政变

German police arrest two dozen alleged conspirators in a hare-brained plot to overthrow the government

It could have been an episode of “Babylon Berlin”, a tv drama in which the Schwarze Reichswehr, a cabal of far-right military officers, plots a coup against the Weimar Republic to bring back the monarchy. At the crack of dawn on December 7th some 3,000 police and special-forces officers carried out raids in 11 states across Germany to arrest 25 suspected members of a group that was allegedly planning to topple the “deep state” the plotters believe is ruling the country. Even some of the characters involved resembled “Babylon Berlin” ones: there is a prince, a judge and a former commander of a special unit of the armed forces.

德国警方逮捕了20余名涉嫌密谋推翻政府的阴谋分子

我不可能是《巴比伦柏林》（Babylon Berlin）的一集，这是一部电视剧，由极右翼军官组成的阴谋集团Schwarze Reichswehr策划了一场反对魏玛共和国的政变，以夺回君主制。12月7日黎明时分，大约3000名警察和特种部队人员在德国11个州进行了突击搜查，逮捕了25名涉嫌组织成员，该组织据称计划推翻密谋者认为统治该国的“深层国家”。甚至其中的一些角色也与“巴比伦柏林”相似：有一位王子、一位法官和一位前武装部队特种部队指挥官。

【乌克兰】【战争】乌克兰的国际地位变得越来越主动

Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, rejected Russian calls for a temporary ceasefire to mark Orthodox Christmas, calling it a tactical ploy. Vladimir Putin ordered the unilateral ceasefire between noon on Friday and midnight Saturday. The announcement did not include a time zone, but at midday Moscow time fighting was still raging in eastern Ukraine. Separately, America, France and Germany agreed to send armoured combat vehicles to Ukraine. America will supply a weapons package worth just over $3bn that includes Bradley fighting vehicles, France will send AMX-10RCs and Germany is donating Marders and a Patriot missile-defence system.

乌克兰总统泽连斯基（Volodymyr Zelensky）拒绝了俄罗斯为庆祝东正教圣诞节而提出的临时停火要求，称这是一种战术策略。弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）下令在周五中午至周六午夜之间单方面停火。该公告没有包括时区，但莫斯科时间中午，乌克兰东部仍在激战。此外，美国、法国和德国同意向乌克兰派遣装甲战车。美国将提供价值超过30亿美元的武器包，其中包括布拉德利战车，法国将派出AMX-10RC，德国将捐赠马德斯和爱国者导弹防御系统。

【美国】【政治】麦卡锡的议长之路

On the fourth day of voting, Kevin McCarthy lost a 12th ballot to become Speaker of America’s House of Representatives but improved over previous rounds, flipping 14 hard-line Republicans. The development came after Mr McCarthy offered concessions, including allowing a single lawmaker to force a vote ousting the speaker. Seven right-wing Republican holdouts still voted against him.

在投票的第四天，凯文·麦卡锡（Kevin McCarthy）在成为美国众议院议长的第12轮投票中失利，但比前几轮有所改善，击败了14名强硬的共和党人。这一进展是在麦卡锡先生做出让步之后发生的，包括允许一位立法者强行投票罢免议长。七名右翼共和党人仍然投票反对他。

【美国】【就业】高利率导致劳动力市场降温，有点凉但没完全凉

American jobs growth fell in December as high interest rates cooled the labour market, a consequence of the Federal Reserve’s ongoing battle against high inflation. America added 223,000 jobs last month, official statistics showed, compared with 256,000 in November. Still, the unemployment rate dipped from 3.6% to 3.5%. That means the Fed is likely to continue its aggressive monetary policy.

由于美联储持续打击高通胀，高利率导致劳动力市场降温，12月美国就业增长下降。官方统计数据显示，上个月美国增加了22.3万个工作岗位，而11月为25.6万个。尽管如此，失业率从3.6%降至3.5%。这意味着美联储可能会继续其激进的货币政策。

【美国】【药物】一种新的阿尔茨海默病治疗方案

America’s Food and Drug Administration conditionally approved a new Alzheimer’s treatment that may slow the disease’s progress, following an 18-month clinical trial that showed promising results. The regulator directed the drug, called lecanemab, to be labelled for patients in early and mild stages of Alzheimer’s. In 2021 the FDA approved a different Alzheimer’s drug and was widely criticised for doing so prematurely.

美国食品和药物管理局（Food and Drug Administration）有条件地批准了一种新的阿尔茨海默病治疗方案，该方案可能会减缓该病的进展，此前进行了为期18个月的临床试验，结果令人满意。监管机构指导这种名为lecanemab的药物，适用于阿尔茨海默病早期和轻度患者。2021，FDA批准了一种不同的阿尔茨海默病药物，并因过早使用而受到广泛批评。

【欧洲】【经济】欧元区通胀放缓超过预期

Euro zone inflation slowed more than anticipated in December, helped by a drop in gas prices. Headline annual inflation fell for a second consecutive month, down from 10.1% in November to 9.2% in December. But core inflation, which omits volatile energy and food prices, rose from 5% to 5.2%, signalling more underlying inflationary pressures. François Villeroy de Galhau, France’s central bank governor, warned of further European interest-rate rises.

受天然气价格下跌的影响，12月欧元区通胀放缓超过预期。年度通胀率连续第二个月下降，从11月的10.1%降至12月的9.2%。但核心通胀率（忽略了能源和食品价格的波动）从5%上升至5.2%，这意味着更多的潜在通胀压力。法国央行行长弗朗索瓦·维勒罗伊·德·加尔豪（François Villeroy de Galhau）警告欧洲将进一步加息。

【英国、德国】【药物】英国与德国合作，支持用于癌症治疗的mRNA疫苗的研究

Britain’s government announced a plan to support research into mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment, in partnership with BioNTech, a German company that used the technology to create a covid-19 vaccine. The plan aims to accelerate clinical trials for the vaccines, with the goal of delivering treatments to 10,000 patients by 2030. BioNTech’s co-founder, Ozlem Tureci, said that Britain was a “great partner” for the project.

英国政府宣布了一项计划，与德国BioNTech公司合作，支持用于癌症治疗的mRNA疫苗的研究。BioNTtech公司利用这项技术制造了一种新冠肺炎疫苗。该计划旨在加快疫苗的临床试验，目标是到2030年为10000名患者提供治疗。BioNTech的联合创始人Ozlem Tureci表示，英国是该项目的“伟大合作伙伴”。

【美国、中国】【争议】美国军舰驶过台湾海峡，中方愤怒

An American warship sailed through the Taiwan Strait, sparking ire from China, which claims Taiwan as its territory. America, which is committed to helping the self-governing island defend itself, intermittently sends ships through the strait as part of what it considers routine military exercises. China said the latest move undermined the region’s “peace and stability”.

一艘美国军舰驶过台湾海峡，引发了中国的愤怒，中国声称台湾是其领土。致力于帮助这个自治岛屿自卫的美国，间歇性地派遣船只通过海峡，作为其认为例行军事演习的一部分。中国表示，最新举动破坏了该地区的“和平与稳定”。

【国际】【节日】分裂的东正教圣诞节

A divided Orthodox Christmas For most Christians, the last traces of Christmas will be gone by Saturday. Some consider it bad luck to keep up decorations after Epiphany, on Friday. But members of the Orthodox Church, the dominant religion in Russia and Ukraine, will be celebrating. They follow the Julian calendar, rather than the more-popular Gregorian, so Christmas Day falls on Saturday. Russia ordered a brief ceasefire in its war to mark the occasion, though fighting has continued. But many Ukrainians have already celebrated the nativity. For the first time, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), one of two main Orthodox churches in the country, allowed the faithful to mark Christmas on December 25th. That sets the OCU at odds with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), the country’s other main church. Until May the UOC fell under the authority of the Russian church. Many still view it as a fifth column. This Christmas is unlikely to bring much unity.

对大多数基督徒来说，圣诞节的最后痕迹将在周六消失。一些人认为在周五主显节之后继续装饰是不吉利的。但俄罗斯和乌克兰的主要宗教东正教的成员将庆祝。他们遵循儒略历，而不是更流行的公历，所以圣诞节是在星期六。俄罗斯下令在战争中短暂停火，以纪念这一时刻，尽管战斗仍在继续。

但许多乌克兰人已经庆祝了诞生。乌克兰东正教（OCU）是该国两大东正教教堂之一，它首次允许信徒在12月25日庆祝圣诞节。

这使得OCU与俄罗斯东正教以及乌克兰另一个主要教会乌克兰东正教（UOC）产生了分歧。直到5月，UOC才落入俄罗斯教会的管辖之下。许多人仍将其视为第五列。这个圣诞节不太可能带来太多的团结。

【国际】【商业】Facebook本月晚些时候将对是否恢复特朗普的职务做出裁决

Facebook’s de-platforming decision The morning after the Capitol riot, Mark Zuckerberg indefinitely suspended Donald Trump’s Facebook and Instagram accounts. Mr Trump had used the sites to “condone rather than condemn” that day’s violence, said the social-media firms’ boss. The ban was later shortened to two years, with the possibility of his re-platforming if the “risk to public safety” had diminished. The two-year mark comes on Saturday; a verdict about whether to reinstate Mr Trump is expected later this month. The choice is thorny, though arguably less consequential than one might think. First, the former president may choose not to post, preferring Truth Social, his own platform. Mr Trump has stayed mum on Twitter since Elon Musk welcomed him back to that site in November. Second, he is much diminished as a political figure, especially after his chosen candidates’ dismal showing at the midterm elections. His pronouncements, put simply, matter less than they once did.

国会骚乱后的第二天早上，马克·扎克伯格无限期地暂停了唐纳德·特朗普的Facebook和Instagram账户。社交媒体公司的老板表示，特朗普利用这些网站“纵容而不是谴责”当天的暴力行为。该禁令后来被缩短为两年，如果“公共安全风险”降低，他可能会重新制定计划。两年的大关在周六；预计本月晚些时候将对是否恢复特朗普的职务做出裁决。

这个选择很棘手，尽管可以说没有人们想象的那么重要。首先，这位前总统可能会选择不发帖，而是选择自己的平台Truth Social。自从埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）在11月欢迎他重返推特网站以来，特朗普一直在推特上保持沉默。第二，他作为政治人物的地位大大降低，尤其是在他所选的候选人在中期选举中表现不佳之后。简单地说，他的声明比以前更重要。

【中国、美国、英国】【病毒】随着各国放弃检测，共享基因组序列监测正在逐渐减少

Covid surveillance is faltering Three years ago this week scientists in China isolated the first strain of the novel coronavirus that would spawn the covid-19 pandemic. Again all eyes are on China: the country has stopped reporting reliable data on cases and deaths, just as it faces the world’s biggest wave of infections. That is stoking worries that if a scary new variant emerges there, other countries will be unaware until their hospitals fill up. But variants can appear anywhere. More infections increase the chances of that, and covid is spreading freely around the world. About 2% of people in Britain, for example, had covid on any given day in recent months. The latest—and most contagious—offshoot of the Omicron variant, called XBB.1.5, probably originated in America. Sharing genomic sequences is the first step to dealing with new variants. But as countries abandon testing, such surveillance is winding down. That is what the world should worry about most.

三年前的本周，中国科学家分离出第一株新型冠状病毒，该病毒将引发新冠肺炎大流行。所有人的目光再次聚焦在中国：该国已经停止报告有关病例和死亡的可靠数据，就在它面临世界上最大的感染浪潮之际。这引发了人们的担忧，即如果那里出现了一种可怕的新变种，其他国家在医院人满为患之前都不会意识到。

但变体可以出现在任何地方。更多的感染增加了感染的可能性，新冠肺炎正在世界各地自由传播。例如，近几个月来，大约2%的英国人在任何一天都有新冠肺炎病毒。奥密克戎变异株的最新和最具传染性的分支，称为XBB.1.5，可能起源于美国。共享基因组序列是处理新变体的第一步。但随着各国放弃检测，这种监测正在逐渐减少。这是世界最应该担心的。

【英国】【皇室】哈里王子的苦恼

Prince Harry’s agonistes There must be some very irritated Netflix executives. Six agonising hours of the royal docusoap offered little more than cashmere, California and platitudes. By contrast, even before its official publication on Tuesday, leaks from Prince Harry’s new book, “Spare”, have offered revelations about him losing his virginity to an older woman in a field (he “mounted her quickly”; she “spanked” him); tripping on magic mushrooms (he imagined that a pedal bin spoke); and a description of how his father broke the news about Diana’s death (there was no hug). Perhaps most sensationally, Harry has revealed that during a fight in which Prince William called his wife Meghan “difficult” and “rude”, his brother grabbed him “by the collar, ripping my necklace, and…knocked me to the floor.” Until that moment, few had probably realised that the fifth in line to the throne still wore a necklace.

肯定有一些非常恼火的Netflix高管。六个小时的皇家纪录片只提供了羊绒、加利福尼亚和陈词滥调。相比之下，即使在周二正式出版之前，哈里王子新书《备胎》（Spare）中的泄密就已经披露了他在一个领域中失贞给一位年长的女性（他“迅速骑上她”；她“打”了他）；被神奇的蘑菇绊倒（他想象一个脚踏板箱会说话）；并描述了父亲是如何爆出戴安娜去世的消息的（没有拥抱）。

也许最耸人听闻的是，哈里王子透露，在一场威廉王子称妻子梅根“难缠”和“粗鲁”的打斗中，他的哥哥“抓住他的衣领，撕扯我的项链，……把我打倒在地。”直到那一刻，几乎没有人意识到王位第五顺位仍然戴着项链。

【乌克兰】【法律】乌克兰检察官安德烈·科斯廷

Weekend Profile: Andriy Kostin, Ukraine’s prosecutor with a plan Few would envy Andriy Kostin, Ukraine’s newish prosecutor-general. His office is short on armoured vehicles, bulletproof vests and kit to detect landmines, which he calls “a real threat” to his officers in the field. His office has nonetheless recorded more than 60,000 alleged Russian war crimes, ranging from torture and executions to strikes on over 400 medical facilities. Allies have lent him investigators, but with only about 200 Ukrainian war-crimes prosecutors, the team is stretched thin. An inauspicious discovery led to Mr Kostin’s appointment, in July. His predecessor was dismissed after numerous prosecutorial officials were suspected of collaborating with Russia. But Mr Kostin, a law graduate of Odessa National University, is himself not entirely free of controversy. In 2021 Mr Kostin’s candidacy to lead an anti-corruption arm of the institution he now runs failed. Watchdogs saw “significant violations” in his ethical conduct, including two visits to occupied Crimea, failure to report a sale of real estate to a different anti-corruption body, and “possible nepotism”. Mr Kostin now dismisses the matter as a “historical question”; in the present, he is crafting a bold agenda. He describes Russia’s war as genocide, noting that Russian officials have spoken of “de-Ukrainisation”. He says some 14,000 cases of Ukrainian children being forcibly taken to Russia and Belarus amount to “stealing” Ukraine’s future. Mr Kostin believes that most cases of Russian war crimes can be tried in Ukrainian courts. They have already convicted 21 people of war crimes, some in absentia. More ambitiously, Mr Kostin would also like to see Russia’s top leaders tried for aggression against Ukraine, but neither Ukraine nor the International Criminal Court have the legal authority to do so. Mr Kostin is therefore lobbying hard for the creation of a special international tribunal, possibly by a vote of the UN’s general assembly—no small undertaking. The tribunal’s priority would be to try Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president. Many countries will hesitate to lend support. But outrage over Russia’s war, Mr Kostin says, is steadily building the necessary political capital. If Mr Kostin succeeds, he will have made his mark on history.

几乎没有人会羡慕乌克兰新上任的检察长安德烈·科斯廷。他的办公室缺少装甲车、防弹背心和探测地雷的装备，他称这对他的战地军官来说是“真正的威胁”。尽管如此，他的办公室记录了6万多起俄罗斯战争罪行，包括酷刑和处决，以及400多家医疗设施的罢工。盟军借给他调查人员，但由于只有大约200名乌克兰战争罪检察官，该团队捉襟见肘。

一个不吉利的发现导致科斯丁先生于7月被任命。他的前任因多名检察官涉嫌与俄罗斯合作而被解职。但考斯汀先生，敖德萨国立大学的法学毕业生，他本人也并非完全没有争议。2021，科斯廷先生竞选领导他现在管理的机构的反腐败部门失败。监督人员发现他的道德行为“严重违反”，包括两次访问被占领的克里米亚，没有向另一个反腐败机构报告出售房地产，以及“可能的裙带关系”。

科斯丁先生现在将此事视为“历史问题”；目前，他正在制定一个大胆的议程。他将俄罗斯的战争描述为种族灭绝，并指出俄罗斯官员曾提到“去乌克兰化”。他说，大约1.4万名乌克兰儿童被强行带到俄罗斯和白俄罗斯，相当于“偷走”了乌克兰的未来。Kostin先生认为，大多数俄罗斯战争罪的案件都可以在乌克兰法院审理。他们已经判定21人犯有战争罪，其中一些人缺席审判。

更为雄心勃勃的是，科斯汀先生还希望看到俄罗斯最高领导人因侵略乌克兰而受审，但乌克兰和国际刑事法院都没有这样做的法律权限。因此，科斯汀正在努力游说成立一个特别国际法庭，可能是通过联合国大会的投票。法庭的首要任务是审判俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京。许多国家不愿提供支持。但科斯丁表示，对俄罗斯战争的愤怒正在稳步建立必要的政治资本。如果科斯丁先生成功了，他将在历史上留下印记。

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