1、将系统包更新到最新

1、配置epel源

[root@jintest ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@jintest ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                            | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                     | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                 | 249 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                   | 6.1 MB  00:00:01     
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                |  20 MB  00:00:04     
repo id                               repo name                                                    status
base/7/x86_64                         CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                         10,072
extras/7/x86_64                       CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                          515
updates/7/x86_64

2、更新系统安装包到最新

yum update 升级系统安装包
升级完成后关机做快照，然后开机

2、安装docker

1、获取docker镜像源

[root@jintest ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
--2023-04-14 23:29:12--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 180.213.251.233, 36.103.213.209, 36.103.213.208, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|180.213.251.233|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2081 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo’

100%[===============================================================>] 2,081       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2023-04-14 23:29:12 (175 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo’ saved [2081/2081]

[root@jintest ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
docker-ce-stable                                                                  | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                       |   55 B  00:00:00     
(2/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                       | 102 kB  00:00:00     
repo id                                   repo name                                                status
base/7/x86_64                             CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                     10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64                 Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                   223
extras/7/x86_64                           CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                      515
updates/7/x86_64                          CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                   4,886
repolist: 15,696

2、安装docker-ce

[root@jintest ~]# yum install -y docker-ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.74 for package: 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: containerd.io >= 1.6.4 for package: 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-cli for package: 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-rootless-extras for package: 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.6.20-3.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:23.0.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: docker-buildx-plugin for package: 1:docker-ce-cli-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-compose-plugin for package: 1:docker-ce-cli-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:23.0.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fuse-overlayfs >= 0.7 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: slirp4netns >= 0.4 for package: docker-ce-rootless-extras-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-buildx-plugin.x86_64 0:0.10.4-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package docker-compose-plugin.x86_64 0:2.17.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.2)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3(FUSE_3.0)(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfuse3.so.3()(64bit) for package: fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64
---> Package slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================
 Package                        Arch        Version                          Repository             Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-ce                      x86_64      3:23.0.3-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable       23 M
Installing for dependencies:
 container-selinux              noarch      2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8        extras                 40 k
 containerd.io                  x86_64      1.6.20-3.1.el7                   docker-ce-stable       34 M
 docker-buildx-plugin           x86_64      0.10.4-1.el7                     docker-ce-stable       12 M
 docker-ce-cli                  x86_64      1:23.0.3-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable       13 M
 docker-ce-rootless-extras      x86_64      23.0.3-1.el7                     docker-ce-stable      8.8 M
 docker-compose-plugin          x86_64      2.17.2-1.el7                     docker-ce-stable       12 M
 fuse-overlayfs                 x86_64      0.7.2-6.el7_8                    extras                 54 k
 fuse3-libs                     x86_64      3.6.1-4.el7                      extras                 82 k
 slirp4netns                    x86_64      0.4.3-4.el7_8                    extras                 81 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 103 M
Installed size: 366 M
Downloading packages:
(1/10): container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch.rpm                      |  40 kB  00:00:00     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-buildx-plugin-0.10.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY
Public key for docker-buildx-plugin-0.10.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(2/10): docker-buildx-plugin-0.10.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                              |  12 MB  00:00:06     
(3/10): containerd.io-1.6.20-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                   |  34 MB  00:00:15     
(4/10): docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                         |  23 MB  00:00:09     
(5/10): docker-ce-rootless-extras-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                         | 8.8 MB  00:00:03     
(6/10): fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                   |  54 kB  00:00:00     
(7/10): fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                         |  82 kB  00:00:00     
(8/10): slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm                                      |  81 kB  00:00:00     
(9/10): docker-ce-cli-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                     |  13 MB  00:00:05     
(10/10): docker-compose-plugin-2.17.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                            |  12 MB  00:00:04     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                    4.4 MB/s | 103 MB  00:00:23     
Retrieving key from https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 Userid     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
 From       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch                                   1/10 
setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
  Installing : containerd.io-1.6.20-3.1.el7.x86_64                                                  2/10 
  Installing : docker-compose-plugin-2.17.2-1.el7.x86_64                                            3/10 
  Installing : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64                                                     4/10 
  Installing : docker-buildx-plugin-0.10.4-1.el7.x86_64                                             5/10 
  Installing : 1:docker-ce-cli-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                  6/10 
  Installing : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                        7/10 
  Installing : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64                                                  8/10 
  Installing : 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                      9/10 
  Installing : docker-ce-rootless-extras-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                       10/10 
  Verifying  : docker-ce-rootless-extras-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                        1/10 
  Verifying  : fuse3-libs-3.6.1-4.el7.x86_64                                                        2/10 
  Verifying  : 1:docker-ce-cli-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                  3/10 
  Verifying  : fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64                                                  4/10 
  Verifying  : docker-buildx-plugin-0.10.4-1.el7.x86_64                                             5/10 
  Verifying  : 3:docker-ce-23.0.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                      6/10 
  Verifying  : 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch                                   7/10 
  Verifying  : containerd.io-1.6.20-3.1.el7.x86_64                                                  8/10 
  Verifying  : slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64                                                     9/10 
  Verifying  : docker-compose-plugin-2.17.2-1.el7.x86_64                                           10/10 

Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 3:23.0.3-1.el7                                                                        

Dependency Installed:
  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8     containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.6.20-3.1.el7          
  docker-buildx-plugin.x86_64 0:0.10.4-1.el7             docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:23.0.3-1.el7            
  docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:23.0.3-1.el7        docker-compose-plugin.x86_64 0:2.17.2-1.el7    
  fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8                  fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7                
  slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8                    

Complete!

3、启动docker

systemctl start docker #启动docker
docker version #查看docker版本

[root@jintest ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@jintest ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           23.0.3
 API version:       1.42
 Go version:        go1.19.7
 Git commit:        3e7cbfd
 Built:             Tue Apr  4 22:04:18 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          23.0.3
  API version:      1.42 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.19.7
  Git commit:       59118bf
  Built:            Tue Apr  4 22:02:01 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.20
  GitCommit:        2806fc1057397dbaeefbea0e4e17bddfbd388f38
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.5
  GitCommit:        v1.1.5-0-gf19387a
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

注：离线安装

离线安装需要下载至少如下4个rpm包，传到服务器上，再去安装，安装过程中可能还需要解决依赖

docker -ce
containerd.io
docker-ce-cli
container-selinux

3、配置docker镜像加速

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://rqybk619.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

4、运行一个docker镜像

[root@jintest ~]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/