Janker
2022/09/04阅读:248主题:全栈蓝
canal入门,看这一篇就够了。
整体结构

前言
我们在日常的开发中,为了业务查询以及业务实现的需要,不单止要保存在数据库中,还要同步保存到Elastic Search、HBase、Redis、MQ等等。
这时我注意到阿里开源的框架「Canal」,他可以很方便地「同步数据库的增量数据到其他的存储应用」。
什么是Canal
❝**canal [kə'næl]**,译意为水道/管道/沟渠,主要用途是基于 MySQL 数据库增量日志解析,提供增量数据订阅和消费
❞
早期阿里巴巴因为杭州和美国双机房部署,存在跨机房同步的业务需求,实现方式主要是基于业务 trigger 获取增量变更。从 2010 年开始,业务逐步尝试数据库日志解析获取增量变更进行同步,由此衍生出了大量的数据库增量订阅和消费业务。

工作原理
把自己伪装成MySQL slave,模拟MySQL slave的交互协议向MySQL Mater发送 dump协议,MySQL mater收到canal发送过来的dump请求,开始推送binary log给canal,然后canal解析binary log,再发送到存储目的地,比如MySQL,Kafka,Elastic Search等等。
Canal能做什么
功能
基于日志增量订阅和消费的业务包括
-
数据库镜像 -
数据库实时备份 -
索引构建和实时维护(拆分异构索引、倒排索引等) -
业务 cache 刷新 -
带业务逻辑的增量数据处理
当前的 canal 支持源端 MySQL 版本包括 5.1.x , 5.5.x , 5.6.x , 5.7.x , 8.0.x
如何安装部署Canal
MySQL 8.0 安装部署
Canal Server部署
MySQL配置
-
对于自建 MySQL , 需要先开启 Binlog 写入功能,配置 binlog-format 为 ROW 模式,my.cnf 中配置如下
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin # 开启 binlog
binlog-format=ROW # 选择 ROW 模式
server_id=1 # 配置 MySQL replaction 需要定义,不要和 canal 的 slaveId 重复
-
注意:针对阿里云 RDS for MySQL , 默认打开了 binlog , 并且账号默认具有 binlog dump 权限 , 不需要任何权限或者 binlog 设置,可以直接跳过这一步 -
一般自建的MySQL配置文件在 /etc/my.cnf
授权 canal 链接 MySQL 账号具有作为 MySQL slave 的权限, 如果已有账户可直接 grant
CREATE USER canal IDENTIFIED BY 'canal';
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
-- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%' ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
下载Canal
-
下载Canal
wget https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases/download/canal-1.1.5/canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
注意:
--no-check-certificate
为了忽略证书检查 -
解压缩
mkdir /data/canal
tar zxvf canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz -C /data/canal
解压完成后,进入 /tmp/canal 目录,可以看到如下结构

配置修改
vi conf/example/instance.properties
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=4
# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false
# position info
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.114.131:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=
# rds oss binlog
#canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
#canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
#canal.instance.rds.instanceId=
# table meta tsdb info 表修改元数据信息存放数据库配置
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.114.131:3306/canal_tsdb
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml
这里我们简单配置下,等canal admin启动完成 我们再修改
启动
sh bin/startup.sh
查看 server 日志
tail -100f logs/canal/canal.log
2021-11-28 17:59:16.390 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalLauncher - ## load canal configurations
2021-11-28 17:59:16.615 [main] INFO c.a.o.c.c.rocketmq.producer.CanalRocketMQProducer - ##Start RocketMQ producer##
2021-11-28 17:59:16.927 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalStarter - ## start the canal server.
2021-11-28 17:59:17.047 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalController - ## start the canal server[192.168.114.132(192.168.114.132):11111]
2021-11-28 17:59:20.493 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalStarter - ## the canal server is running now ......
查看 instance 的日志
tail -1000f logs/example/example.log
2021-11-28 14:25:47.054 [Thread-5] INFO c.a.otter.canal.instance.core.AbstractCanalInstance - stop successful....
2021-11-28 14:25:52.211 [main] INFO c.a.otter.canal.instance.spring.CanalInstanceWithSpring - start CannalInstance for 1-example
2021-11-28 14:25:52.236 [main] WARN c.a.o.canal.parse.inbound.mysql.dbsync.LogEventConvert - --> init table filter : ^.*\..*$
2021-11-28 14:25:52.237 [main] WARN c.a.o.canal.parse.inbound.mysql.dbsync.LogEventConvert - --> init table black filter : ^mysql\.slave_.*$
2021-11-28 14:25:52.453 [destination = example , address = /192.168.114.131:3306 , EventParser] WARN c.a.o.c.p.inbound.mysql.rds.RdsBinlogEventParserProxy - ---> begin to find start position, it will be long time for reset or first position
2021-11-28 14:25:52.481 [main] INFO c.a.otter.canal.instance.core.AbstractCanalInstance - start successful....
关闭
sh bin/stop.sh
Canal Admin部署
canal-admin设计上是为canal提供整体配置管理、节点运维等面向运维的功能,提供相对友好的WebUI操作界面,方便更多用户快速和安全的操作
准备
canal-admin的限定依赖:
-
MySQL,用于存储配置和节点等相关数据 -
canal版本,要求>=1.1.4 (需要依赖canal-server提供面向admin的动态运维管理接口)
部署
-
下载 canal-admin, 访问 release 页面 , 选择需要的包下载, 如以 1.1.4 版本为例
wget https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases/download/canal-1.1.5/canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz
-
解压缩
mkdir /data/canal-admin
tar zxvf canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz -C /data/canal-admin
解压完成后,进入 /data/canal 目录,可以看到如下结构

-
配置修改
vi conf/application.yml
server:
port: 8089
spring:
jackson:
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
time-zone: GMT+8
spring.datasource:
address: 192.168.114.131:3306
database: canal_manager
username: canal
password: canal
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://${spring.datasource.address}/${spring.datasource.database}?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
hikari:
maximum-pool-size: 30
minimum-idle: 1
canal:
adminUser: admin
adminPasswd: admin注意: driver-class-name 我的mysql是8.0的所以 driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
如果mysql是5.6+版本 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
-
初始化元数据库
mysql -h192.168.xx.xx -uroot -p
# 导入初始化SQL
> source conf/canal_manager.sqla. 初始化SQL脚本里会默认创建canal_manager的数据库,建议使用root等有超级权限的账号进行初始化 canal_manager.sql默认会在conf目录下
-
启动
sh bin/startup.sh
查看 admin 日志
2021-11-28 15:29:25.531 [main] INFO o.s.b.a.web.servlet.WelcomePageHandlerMapping - Adding welcome page: class path resource [public/index.html]
2021-11-28 15:29:25.939 [main] INFO o.s.jmx.export.annotation.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2021-11-28 15:29:25.941 [main] INFO o.s.jmx.export.annotation.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Bean with name 'dataSource' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2021-11-28 15:29:25.950 [main] INFO o.s.jmx.export.annotation.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Located MBean 'dataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.zaxxer.hikari:name=dataSource,type=HikariDataSource]
2021-11-28 15:29:25.973 [main] INFO org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol - Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8089"]
2021-11-28 15:29:25.991 [main] INFO org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool - Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
2021-11-28 15:29:26.036 [main] INFO o.s.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer - Tomcat started on port(s): 8089 (http) with context path ''
2021-11-28 15:29:26.045 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.admin.CanalAdminApplication - Started CanalAdminApplication in 8.346 seconds (JVM running for 9.891)
此时代表canal-admin已经启动成功,可以通过 http://127.0.0.1:8089/ 访问,默认密码:admin/123456

关闭
sh bin/stop.sh
Canal Server配置
canal-admin启动完成之后我们可以在Server管理界面新增或者编辑我们的Canal Server
新增信息如下(这是我之前新增的Canal Server信息)

配置
#################################################
######### common argument #############
#################################################
# tcp bind ip
canal.ip =
# register ip to zookeeper
canal.register.ip =
canal.port = 11111
canal.metrics.pull.port = 11112
# canal instance user/passwd
# canal.user = canal
# canal.passwd = E3619321C1A937C46A0D8BD1DAC39F93B27D4458
# canal admin config
#canal.admin.manager = 127.0.0.1:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441
# admin auto register
#canal.admin.register.auto = true
#canal.admin.register.cluster =
#canal.admin.register.name =
canal.zkServers =
# flush data to zk
canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000
canal.withoutNetty = false
# tcp, kafka, rocketMQ, rabbitMQ
canal.serverMode = rocketMQ
# flush meta cursor/parse position to file
canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir}
canal.file.flush.period = 1000
## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n)
canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384
## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb
canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024
## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.rawEntry = true
## detecing config
canal.instance.detecting.enable = false
#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()
canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1
canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3
canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3
canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = false
# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery
canal.instance.transaction.size = 1024
# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times
canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60
# network config
canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30
# binlog filter config
canal.instance.filter.druid.ddl = true
canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = false
canal.instance.filter.query.dml = false
canal.instance.filter.query.ddl = false
canal.instance.filter.table.error = false
canal.instance.filter.rows = false
canal.instance.filter.transaction.entry = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.insert = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.update = false
canal.instance.filter.dml.delete = false
# binlog format/image check
canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED
canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB
# binlog ddl isolation
canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false
# parallel parser config
canal.instance.parser.parallel = true
## concurrent thread number, default 60% available processors, suggest not to exceed Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
#canal.instance.parser.parallelThreadSize = 16
## disruptor ringbuffer size, must be power of 2
canal.instance.parser.parallelBufferSize = 256
# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable = true
canal.instance.tsdb.dir = ${canal.file.data.dir:../conf}/${canal.instance.destination:}
canal.instance.tsdb.url = jdbc:h2:${canal.instance.tsdb.dir}/h2;CACHE_SIZE=1000;MODE=MYSQL;
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername = canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword = canal
# dump snapshot interval, default 24 hour
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.interval = 24
# purge snapshot expire , default 360 hour(15 days)
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.expire = 360
#################################################
######### destinations #############
#################################################
canal.destinations =
# conf root dir
canal.conf.dir = ../conf
# auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance
canal.auto.scan = true
canal.auto.scan.interval = 5
# set this value to 'true' means that when binlog pos not found, skip to latest.
# WARN: pls keep 'false' in production env, or if you know what you want.
canal.auto.reset.latest.pos.mode = false
canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/h2-tsdb.xml
#canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml
canal.instance.global.mode = manager
canal.instance.global.lazy = false
canal.instance.global.manager.address = ${canal.admin.manager}
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml
canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml
##################################################
######### MQ Properties #############
##################################################
# aliyun ak/sk , support rds/mq
canal.aliyun.accessKey =
canal.aliyun.secretKey =
canal.aliyun.uid=
canal.mq.flatMessage = true
canal.mq.canalBatchSize = 50
canal.mq.canalGetTimeout = 100
# Set this value to "cloud", if you want open message trace feature in aliyun.
canal.mq.accessChannel = local
canal.mq.database.hash = true
canal.mq.send.thread.size = 30
canal.mq.build.thread.size = 8
##################################################
######### Kafka #############
##################################################
kafka.bootstrap.servers = 127.0.0.1:6667
kafka.acks = all
kafka.compression.type = none
kafka.batch.size = 16384
kafka.linger.ms = 1
kafka.max.request.size = 1048576
kafka.buffer.memory = 33554432
kafka.max.in.flight.requests.per.connection = 1
kafka.retries = 0
kafka.kerberos.enable = false
kafka.kerberos.krb5.file = "../conf/kerberos/krb5.conf"
kafka.kerberos.jaas.file = "../conf/kerberos/jaas.conf"
##################################################
######### RocketMQ #############
##################################################
rocketmq.producer.group = test
rocketmq.enable.message.trace = false
rocketmq.customized.trace.topic =
rocketmq.namespace =
rocketmq.namesrv.addr = 192.168.114.133:9876
rocketmq.retry.times.when.send.failed = 0
rocketmq.vip.channel.enabled = false
rocketmq.tag =
##################################################
######### RabbitMQ #############
##################################################
rabbitmq.host =
rabbitmq.virtual.host =
rabbitmq.exchange =
rabbitmq.username =
rabbitmq.password =
rabbitmq.deliveryMode =
关于canal MQ的配置可参考 快速开始
Canal instance 配置
canal-admin启动完成之后我们可以在instance管理界面新增或者编辑我们的instance(可以理解为我们要监听的数据库的实例)
新增-载入模板-保存 保存配置如下
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=4
# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false
# position info (监听数据库的地址)
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.114.131:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=
# rds oss binlog
#canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
#canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
#canal.instance.rds.instanceId=
# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.114.131:3306/canal_tsdb
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml
#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=
# username/password
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==
canal.instance.defaultDatabaseName=canal_test
# table regex
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\..*
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# mq config (mq配置)
canal.mq.topic=example
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################
Canal同步RocketMQ
上面配置Canal server 和 Canal instance的时候其实我已经将MQ配置上了
canal-server RocketMQ相关配置
canal.serverMode = rocketMQ
rocketmq.producer.group = test
rocketmq.enable.message.trace = false
rocketmq.customized.trace.topic =
rocketmq.namespace =
rocketmq.namesrv.addr = 192.168.114.133:9876
rocketmq.retry.times.when.send.failed = 0
rocketmq.vip.channel.enabled = false
rocketmq.tag =
canal-admin RocketMQ相关配置
# mq config (mq配置)
canal.mq.topic=example
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
配置完成之后,我们尝试一下创建表数据,修改表数据即可在rocket控制台显示

里面详细描述了,变更表、变更类型,以及相关变更内容
总结
这里我们就在不写代码的情况下简单的对canal入了门,canal的好处在于「对业务代码没有侵入」,因为是「基于监听binlog日志去进行同步数据的」。实时性也能做到准实时,其实是很多企业一种比较常见的数据同步的方案。
实际项目中配置MQ模式是常态,配置RocketMQ、KafKa,「canal会把数据发送到MQ的topic中,然后通过消息队列的消费者进行处理」。
具体作业模式如下:

Canal的部署也是支持集群的,需要配合ZooKeeper进行集群管理。
Canal还有一个简单的Web管理界面。
Canal的部署也是支持集群的,需要配合ZooKeeper进行集群管理。
Canal还有一个简单的Web管理界面。
下一篇就讲一下「集群部署Canal,配合使用RocketMQ,同步数据到Redis」。
参考资料:Canal官网
作者介绍