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2022/05/03阅读：60主题：默认主题

k8部署-50-如何二进制部署DashBoard，图形化访问k8s集群

k8部署-50-如何二进制部署DashBoard，图形化访问k8s集群

部署elasticsearch的时候需要一个serviceaccount，想起来我们之前一直没有通过二进制的方式来安装dashboard，本节就来安装一下子。

1、介绍

​ dashboard可以让浏览器通过访问一个URL的方式来访问我们的k8s集群，可以简洁明了的查看我们集群中的资源、pod状态等信息，方便了我们的日常工作，可以理解为dashboard是k8s集群架构中的数据可视化模块。

2、部署

​ 首先我们需要一个yaml文件，如下，这个yaml文件有点长哈；

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir namespace/logs
[root@node1 ~]# cd namespace/logs/ 
[root@node1 logs]# vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
[root@node1 logs]# 

​ yaml文件准备好了之后，我们开始部署下k8s的DashBoard；

[root@node1 logs]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@node1 logs]#

​ 运行完毕之后，我们看下运行结果如何，DashBoard是否生效了；

[root@node1 logs]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide
NAME                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP              NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b59f7d4df-wtnqt   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.200.135.26   node3   <none>           <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-74d688b6bc-94gj7        1/1     Running   0          4m40s   10.200.135.27   node3   <none>           <none>

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE     SELECTOR
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.233.78.241    <none>        8000/TCP        4m40s   k8s-app=dashboard-metrics-scraper
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.233.136.167   <none>        443:30001/TCP   4m41s   k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
[root@node1 logs]#

​ 从上图可以看到两个POD都处于Ready的状态了，且运行在了Node3节点上，说明我们的DashBoard部署完毕了，还记得我们使用KubeAdm的方式来部署DashBoard的时候嘛，是不是还会有一个token呢，我们来看下使用k8s中使用二进制方式部署的DashBoard的token在哪儿。

​ 我们需要先创建个service acount并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色，看下如何操作吧;

[root@node1 logs]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@node1 logs]# 
[root@node1 logs]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@node1 logs]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created
[root@node1 logs]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-djrsf
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 9b1d4d63-7fd4-42ad-b085-90aa4192255f

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1367 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ii1ndXdqR1B3VVE5Ym9uZ05WVVVleW8tSzVXMDRTbi1WX2F2U1dYZ3dkdkkifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm9hcmQtYWRtaW4tdG9rZW4tZGpyc2YiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoiZGFzaGJvYXJkLWFkbWluIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQudWlkIjoiOWIxZDRkNjMtN2ZkNC00MmFkLWIwODUtOTBhYTQxOTIyNTVmIiwic3ViIjoic3lzdGVtOnNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Omt1YmUtc3lzdGVtOmRhc2hib2FyZC1hZG1pbiJ9.OIzfQp6OXQ7XhPkd93Jl7fof4xktNuKVajRSjwY8A6-ig_qY21MpVSlTAidnijOnaP0lODVs-RrS0_yg6-Z24YtZ3W-M8wBMB5OkVuxIhrSdctBMNgUbpR2fMV6xyk1zcSMLEliby-CYucGXq0FI5SgWZJ6hB5mS0XMIprdB-D5uxZSeiT2QoivppdDPn_JkL5teOiykLW1xJOSqoJcQWpBN0Md3IMVjHxShkqluArTLvAPnegGEc9v0w4bAOOBNmBzwdoMD5BAWqbaD4oNA13fJIOVo8-b6TmoKIdYqzZ3MhWJ8_5ck6Q0TMcSELTUPCIlRxwL-4PljumkaAxKeow
[root@node1 logs]# 

​ 在我们创建账号的时候，是不是看到了一个token，这个我们保存一下子，这个token就是我们访问DashBoard的时候需要的。

​ 然后还记得我们上面查看pod的时候，是不是都运行在node3节点上，那么我们在浏览器访问下node3节点的IP地址，如下；

https://192.168.112.132:30001/

​ 需要注意的是，我们访问的方式是https哈，不然访问会报错，访问之后界面如下：

​ 输入我们创建用户之时生成的token，点击登录按钮即可访问到如下界面；

​ 出现如图所示，就表示我们以二进制方式安装的k8s集群可以通过图形化方式DashBoard访问到了。

​ 至此，本文结束，下文我们将续写我们k8s中日志的可视化展现。

​

分类：

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